Of course. As noted above, any Canon EOS camera works with any Canon EF (or compatible) lens.

The major issue you really have to be concerned about is weight, since a really heavy lens can strain the lens mount. The answer is to support the heavy lens by the lens itself - just let the camera hang off the back of the lens. The weight of the camera is not going to strain the lens mount. This applies to all low to midrange EOS cameras, since even those cameras with metal lens mounts have steel mounts attached to plastic body frames. All larger lenses either come with or have optional tripod mounting brackets (see below), so you can attach the lens to a tripod rather than the camera body.

Now of course an inexpensive low-end camera won’t have the manual exposure control, focussing speed (AF speed is determined by both the lens motor and the speed of the camera’s computer and AF sensors) and film-winding motordrive speed to make full use of a top of the line lens the way a professional would like it. And a small camera will feel unbalanced and cumbersome on a large lens. But it’s better to have a great lens on a so-so body than the other way around. Renting professional lenses is a great way to learn and practice when you’re on a budget.

This brings up the other issue which might arise - snide looks from camera ignoramuses who think that your little Rebel Ti camera isn’t fancy enough for the 70-200 2.8L you’ve got fastened to it. Ignore them. They’re probably the sort of wealthy dummy who rushes out and buys an EOS 1V and then sticks a cheap consumer lens on the end.